Animal welfare in extreme heat events
Over the last month, we have experienced some extreme temperatures, with multiple days over 40 degrees. These days can feel unbearable, and I have found it difficult to get out into our reserves during such hot weather. Just like us, wildlife can find these heat events just as intense, and although many species have adaptations to cope with warmer conditions, they can still struggle to survive in extreme heat.
Many of our native animals have evolved adaptations to higher temperatures. Some change their behaviour to cope with the increasing heat, while others have specific physiological traits. Kangaroos do not sweat because they don’t have sweat glands; instead, they lick their forearms. As the moisture evaporates, it cools the blood, which in turn cools the kangaroo.
Echidnas also lack sweat glands, but they use a different method to keep cool. They blow bubbles of mucus that burst onto their face, wetting it and cooling the blood flowing through this sensitive area. These adaptations help many species cope with hot temperatures; however, when we have consecutive days over 40 degrees in summer, animals are not equipped to handle prolonged heatwave events. This is where we can lend a helping hand. In our council reserves, we plant many trees and shrubs each year to provide shaded habitat and protection for native animals.
A garden with plenty of shade and alternative water sources will help wildlife during heatwaves. Bowls, birdbaths, and water pods (How to make a wildlife watering pod) placed in the shade provide excellent water sources for different types of wildlife. Be sure to keep the water fresh and clean, and place a couple of sticks or rocks inside to allow animals to perch or climb out safely. If you have a pool, check regularly that heat‑stressed wildlife haven’t fallen in. It is also a good idea to check the skimmer box and to provide an escape option, such as a tied‑off rope or floating platform. It is important to keep pets in an area where they cannot disturb heat‑stressed wildlife, allowing the animals to cool down in the shade.
Bats are particularly vulnerable to heatwaves. If you see a distressed bat, you can contact Wildlife Victoria on 1300 094 535, and an experienced volunteer will be able to assist. Signs of distress in bats include fanning their wings, panting, and moving down from the canopy of trees. By planting gardens that provide shade and offering additional water sources, we can help our native animals get through hot summers. You can learn more here: Heat‑stressed wildlife | Wildlife Victoria
- Council's Environment & Horticulture Officer
Image: A heat-stressed Grey-headed flying fox. Image source: Wildlife Victoria